—–. 1989. New Syntax and you may Semantics regarding Verb Morphology within the Modern Aramaic: A good Jewish Dialect out of Iraqi Kurdistan. American Chinese language Show, 69. This new Retreat: American Chinese language Community.
Meehan, Charles, and Jacqueline Alon. 1979. The latest Boy Whoever Tunic Caught so you can Your: A great Folktale regarding the Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect out-of Zakho (Iraqi Kurdistan). Israel Chinese language Knowledge 9:174-203.
Sabar, Yona. 1976. Lel-Huza: Facts and you will Records for the a pattern from Lamentations to the Ninth out-of Ab on Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Zakho. JSS -62.
—–. 1988. The book away from Exodus from inside the Neo-Aramaic regarding Dialect of one’s Jewish Neighborhood away from Zakho [Hebrew]. Jerusalem: Magnes Drive.
Such six binyanim of Syriac was basically lower in NENA so you can several earliest kinds, which have a third closely allied towards 2nd
Thomason, Sarah Grey, and Terrence Kaufman. 1988. Code Contact, Creolization, and you can Hereditary Linguistics. Berkeley and you will Los angeles: Univ. from California Drive.
The initial classification originated from the newest peal, the following group throughout the pael, while the 3rd, whose vocalism uses that of next, comes from the fresh new afel
Several other grounds complicating the problem ‘s the differential affects of the some co-territorial dialects. The newest dialect distinctions within Kurdish are extremely considerable, also to their impression will likely be tracked a number of the type certainly one of NENA dialects. Like, the latest Jewish Neo-Aramaic off Halabja, including the Kurdish of your own city, does not distinguish something special and you will future tense, but in which Kurdish preserves such as for promo kód minichat instance an improvement, therefore really does Neo-Aramaic. Inside the Azerbaijan, Turkish has exerted solid affect the fresh new Jewish dialect (Garbell 1965b), and also the languages of simple of Mosul tell you a robust influence out of Arabic not viewed somewhere else.
Tkhuma (Tx): The text of descendants regarding emigrants from 1 of the partial-independent ashirets from southeast Chicken, now resident across the Khabur Valley in Syria. Info is from Jacobi (1973) and you can my personal cards.
(5) Syriac got about three very first spoken stems, the brand new peal, new pael, in addition to afel. To the have been extra around three passive stems, designed in the basic of those from the prefixation off age[Theta]-: the new e[Theta]pael, the latest elizabeth[Theta]paal, and also the ettafal. This case can be found during NENA. For the majority NENA dialects, verbs often remain in brand new verb groups in which they certainly were found in before degrees of your own words. That’s, the fresh descendant regarding a good Syriac peal verb is good NENA Group I verb, and you will an effective Syriac pael verb might be good NENA Class II verb: instance, Urmi ptaxa ‘open’ regarding before peal, and you may sadure ‘send’ from before pael. not, into the Jewish Azerbaijani, Halabja, and possibly Koy Sanjaq, the class subscription might have been reorganized that’s predictable on foundation of one’s model of the fresh new base as opposed to the historic provider. Like, in Azerbaijani brand new C stem provides the form CaCoC- having voice verbs, whatever their provider, and you can CCaC- having center-weakened verbs: garosen ‘I am pulling’, but kwasan ‘I (f.) in the morning descending’ (Garbell 1965, 64).
(11) Another very tall advancement when you look at the NENA ‘s the 3rd people copula that have l: ile ‘he is’, ila ‘she is’. This form could possibly get get (Noldeke 1868, 203) away from we[Theta] leh ‘he has’, but no copula like it can be found external NENA. The first and second individual lack an enthusiastic l, but during the Jewish Azerbaijani, where in actuality the l might have been generalized from paradigm: Jilu iwIt ‘you (masc.) are’, Aradhin i:profit ‘I (masc.) am’, Azerbai big’ (Garbell 1965, 64). ile is located while in the NENA but inside the Halabja, which includes -(y)e: yarxa rahamim-ye ‘it is the month from mercy’. None Turoyo neither Mandaic possess models parallel so you can ile: Turoyo harke-yo ‘he is actually here’, harke-no ‘I was here’; Mandaic basim-ye ‘he are charming’, basim-na ‘I was charming’ (Macuch 1965, 443).
(19) The old Aramaic word getting ‘son’, bra inside BT, might have been stretched in all NENA except Hertevin of the inclusion of the diminutive suffix -ona/-una: Azerbaijan Jewish brona (Garbell 1965, 297), Jilu bruna (Fox 1992, 51), Aradhin bru:na (Krotkoff 1982, 122), Tisqopa brona (Rubba, individual communications), Zakho brona (Meehan and you will Alon 1979, 177). not, each other Turoyo and Mandaic has actually a keen epenthetic vowel, however, zero suffix: Turoyo ?abro (Jastrow 1985, 221), and you may Mandaic eber or ebra (Macuch 1965, 520).
b) In some cases, Hertevin aligns which have Turoyo, up against the remainder of NENA. They does not have a great CCaCa establish demanding (6), does not have any sodir preterite (12), doesn’t have preposition ta (15), and you can uses ruh to form reflexive pronouns (14).
—–. 1965. The newest Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect from Persian Azerbaijan: Linguistic Study and you may Folkloristic Messages. Janua Linguarum, collection practica 3. The fresh Hague: Mouton.